GuideIntermediate

Multi Agent Orchestration

This guide is the direct continuation of the Agent Fundamentals and Tool Calling Guide: it takes Reservo's single agent and turns it into a system of several specialized agents working together — with no orchestration framework (LangGraph, CrewAI, AutoGen), built by hand with Python 3.14 and its standard library. The entire first module is a decision framework, measured for real — counting concept-level model calls and message "hops" — for when sub-tasks are genuinely separable with distinct expertise (multi-agent) versus when a single agent with more tools is already enough; the bar to clear isn't "I can implement the pattern," it's "I can decide whether it's needed." From there, the guide covers five coordination patterns, each in its own fully executed module: supervisor/router, sequential pipeline, parallel fan-out with aggregation whose result never depends on thread completion order, handoff/delegation mid-task, and shared state via a blackboard. The driving case is three Reservo specialists with genuinely distinct tools — `booking_agent`, `policy_agent` (over a minimal policy-search stub), and `pricing_agent` — coordinated by a supervisor. The orchestration itself — the router, message passing, the blackboard, fan-out and its aggregation — actually runs and its real output is cited; each agent's decision remains a concept, as throughout the rest of the ecosystem. It doesn't cover memory that persists across sessions, fine-grained context-window budgeting per agent, exposing tools over MCP, or security hardening — all of that is named and pointed to the matching sibling guide.

64
lessons
8
modules
English · Spanish
available in
Yes
certificate
Free
access
NIEVA

Outcomes

What you'll be able to do

  • Apply a decision framework to choose between a single agent with more tools and a multi-agent system, measuring the real cost of coordinating — model calls, message hops — against the alternative of not orchestrating at all
  • Implement the supervisor/router pattern: a central coordinator that decides which specialist to delegate to, with both deterministic rule-based routing and model-decided routing
  • Build a sequential pipeline where one agent's output feeds the next in a fixed order, with no routing decision at each step
  • Implement parallel fan-out: several agents solving independent sub-tasks at once, with result aggregation that never depends on the actual order threads finish in
  • Build handoff/delegation: an agent already working transfers control to another specialist mid-task, passing a minimal context package instead of the full history
  • Design a blackboard-style shared state where several agents read and write without passing point-to-point messages, with a trace of who wrote what
  • Compose several patterns over a single complex request, deciding which one applies to each sub-task within the same system
  • Distinguish tool selection within a single agent (already covered in agent-fundamentals) from agent selection within a system, and the different cost of getting each one wrong
  • Assemble the complete Reservo multi-agent system — a supervisor plus three specialists over a shared blackboard — and measure the coordination cost of real requests
  • Recognize the boundary with cross-session persistent memory, context engineering, MCP, agent security, and production evaluation, and know which guide to reach for each

Before you start

What you need to bring

It's for you if...

  • Developers who've already built an agent with tool calling and need to coordinate several specialized agents for tasks a single agent doesn't handle well
  • Anyone who wants to understand what an orchestration framework (LangGraph, CrewAI) does underneath before adopting one
  • Developers skeptical of "multi-agent just because" who want an explicit criterion for when to orchestrate and when not to
  • Backend developers preparing to design multi-agent systems for production, without relying on decorative roles or an external framework

Requirements and materials

  • Agent Fundamentals and Tool Calling Guide completed (or equivalent: a tool's contract, the agent loop, multi-tool selection within a single agent)
  • Basic to intermediate Python: `dataclasses`, a first idea of `concurrent.futures`
  • Python 3.14 installed with its standard library; no API key, internet connection, or orchestration framework required

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